Classification and Briefly Description of Yarns

Classification of Yarns :

  • Staple Yarns
  • Continuous-filament yarn
  • Novelty yarn
  • Industrial yarn
  • High-bulk yarn
  • Stretch yarn

Briefly Description of Yarns :

Staple Yarns

Staple yarns are defined as joining together strands of fibers to form a continuous strand of fibrous material of desired properties. Currently, four types of staple fiber spun-yarn production systems are commercially available. These are called carded, combed, woolen and worsted systems. Synthetic and regenerated fibers are stapled at that point

Classification of Yarns : Staple Yarns Continuous-filament yarn Novelty yarn Industrial yarn High-bulk yarn Stretch yarn Briefly Description of Yarns : Staple Yarns Staple yarns are defined as joining together strands of fibers to form a continuous strand of fibrous material of desired properties. Currently, four types of staple fiber spun-yarn production systems are commercially available. These are called carded, combed, woolen and worsted systems. Synthetic and regenerated fibers are stapled at that point They are produced and then treated like natural fibers (cotton or wool) with different fiber lengths, diameters and crimps. This stapling process enables mechanical processing to be carried out with few disadvantages. Continuous-filament yarn Silk is the only natural continuous-filament yarn used before the introduction of man-made fibers. Man-made filaments are made by extruding a suitable polymer solution through a spinneret, during which the solution is solidified into a filament by freezing or cooling or evaporation. The number of orifices in the spinneret determines the number of filaments in the bundle. The diameter and amount of drawing given during the spinning process will later determine the diameter of the filament. The filaments are cut and crimped to the required length to convert them into staple fibers, which will undergo further staple-spun yarn production. Novelty yarn These yarns are specially designed and produced for specific decorative purposes and are rarely used to make a complete fabric, except in drapery applications. Most fancy yarns used are fancy or metallic types. Fancy yarns are mainly produced by irregular running of main fibers or continuous filaments and are characterized by the presence of abrupt and periodic effects throughout the length of the yarn. The periodicity of these effects may be irregular or constant. The desired novelty effect of the output yarn is brought about by a programmed difference in the yarn level or input rate in one or more components during the yarn run. This results in differential bending or wrapping between the yarn components or buckled yarn segments which in turn become permanently stuck in the composite yarn structure. Industrial yarn Industrial designs require special end-use yarns with specific functional properties. These yarns are engineered for performance under specific conditions. Many industrial yarns do not possess the visual and tactile characteristics of yarns used for apparel and upholstery applications. The best examples are tire cord, asbestos and glass yarn, yarn, rubber or elastic thread, core-spun yarn, cable yarn, sewing thread, heavy monofilament and split-film yarn. High-bulk yarn A high-bulk yarn can be made of either a staple fiber or a continuous-filament yarn that has normal extensibility but an abnormally high level of height or fullness. These yarns retain their bulk under both relaxed and stressed conditions. High coating strength with low weight fabric is characteristic of high-bulk yarn. Stretch yarn Textured yarns that are pre-set for high extensibility during production are called stretch yarns. While most of these yarns can be stretched to twice their normal or relaxed length, some of these yarns can be stretched to three or four times their relaxed length. These yarns are both highly stretchable and highly elastic. Most stretch yarns are produced by texturizing thermoplastic continuous-filament yarns. This process results in reasonably good non-linearity or crimp in the individual filaments of the output yarn. The resulting nonlinear structure of filaments is heat-set but not entangled in the case of high-bulk yarns.s.

They are produced and then treated like natural fibers (cotton or wool) with different fiber lengths, diameters and crimps. This stapling process enables mechanical processing to be carried out with few disadvantages.


Continuous-filament yarn

Silk is the only natural continuous-filament yarn used before the introduction of man-made fibers. Man-made filaments are made by extruding a suitable polymer solution through a spinneret, during which the solution is solidified into a filament by freezing or cooling or evaporation. The number of orifices in the spinneret determines the number of filaments in the bundle. The diameter and amount of drawing given during the spinning process will later determine the diameter of the filament. The filaments are cut and crimped to the required length to convert them into staple fibers, which will undergo further staple-spun yarn production.


Novelty yarn

These yarns are specially designed and produced for specific decorative purposes and are rarely used to make a complete fabric, except in drapery applications. Most fancy yarns used are fancy or metallic types.

Fancy yarns are mainly produced by irregular running of main fibers or continuous filaments and are characterized by the presence of abrupt and periodic effects throughout the length of the yarn. The periodicity of these effects may be irregular or constant. The desired novelty effect of the output yarn is brought about by a programmed difference in the yarn level or input rate in one or more components during the yarn run. This results in differential bending or wrapping between the yarn components or buckled yarn segments which in turn become permanently stuck in the composite yarn structure.


Industrial yarn

Industrial designs require special end-use yarns with specific functional properties. These yarns are engineered for performance under specific conditions. Many industrial yarns do not possess the visual and tactile characteristics of yarns used for apparel and upholstery applications. The best examples are tire cord, asbestos and glass yarn, yarn, rubber or elastic thread, core-spun yarn, cable yarn, sewing thread, heavy monofilament and split-film yarn.


High-bulk yarn

A high-bulk yarn can be made of either a staple fiber or a continuous-filament yarn that has normal extensibility but an abnormally high level of height or fullness. These yarns retain their bulk under both relaxed and stressed conditions. High coating strength with low weight fabric is characteristic of high-bulk yarn.


Stretch yarn

Textured yarns that are pre-set for high extensibility during production are called stretch yarns. While most of these yarns can be stretched to twice their normal or relaxed length, some of these yarns can be stretched to three or four times their relaxed length. These yarns are both highly stretchable and highly elastic. Most stretch yarns are produced by texturizing thermoplastic continuous-filament yarns. This process results in reasonably good non-linearity or crimp in the individual filaments of the output yarn. The resulting nonlinear structure of filaments is heat-set but not entangled in the case of high-bulk yarns.s.

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