Operations in Staple-Fibre Spinning :
The process of converting fibers into yarn involves several operations that need to be done in a specific sequence.
• Mixing: The term 'mixing' refers to combining multiple varieties of the same basic fiber for improving the output yarn properties and optimization of mixing costs. For example, Egyptian cotton fibers can be blended with American cotton fibers to get the best properties of both fibers and the resulting yarn is 100% cotton yarn.
• Blending: Blending refers to combining different types of fibers for the purpose of spinning the main fiber. For example, wool and silk or cotton and polyester fibers can be blended with each other.
• Cleaning and fiber separation: Raw cotton fibers contain various impurities, which should be removed at the initial stage of spinning preparation to ensure good quality of spun yarn. The first process splits the bales into loose bundles of smaller sized fibers to remove dust, seeds and other unwanted contaminants. Some fiber types are then washed or scoured and others can be combed or carded to further separate and clean the fibers as required.
• Fiber alignment: This process follows carding and combing. Several slivers or groups of carded or combed fibers are bonded together and then denatured to form a single sliver of straight/oriented fibers. This spinning preparatory process is known as drawing.
• Drafting and Twisting: Drafting is the process of gently stretching the slivers to reduce their linear density or thickness to the desired level. The exact method and equipment used will depend on the quality and count of yarn required. In the final process of spinning, the required amount of twist is inserted into the single yarn which is wound into the packages during production.
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