Ring (Conventional) Spinning :
Ring spinning is a process that converts short, raw fibers into continuous yarn using a series of machines, as shown in Figure 1. Conventional systems for converting staple fibers into spun yarn are those developed for cotton and wool: opening, carding, drawing, combing, spinning, and spinning.
Opening:
This is the first operation in spinning yarn from raw fiber. Opening is the primary process of reducing the tuft size of compressed cotton fibers from bales to smaller fiber tufts. It uses spike rollers to remove particles of dirt, dust and other impurities from the cotton pieces. After this process the fiber will be transferred to another process.
Carding:
After blending (blending) and opening, the loose fibers are transferred to a carding machine. Carding is done by opposing sets of teeth or small wire hooks known as card clothes, which cover the machine parts and include a liquor-in, a cylinder, rotating flat and a doffer. The cylinders and flats can rotate in the same or opposite directions but at different speeds to form the fiber tufts into a thin, filmy web, which is then collected into a loose rope-like structure called a sliver, which is often coiled and deposited. Cane carding further loosens the fiber tufts and removes any fine particles, naps and small fibers surrounded by fiber aggregates. The drawing frame uses a series of rollers arranged in pairs and rotating at different speeds. Slivers are passed between rollers and milled. After going through this process the fibers will be well aligned and blended.
Combing:
Combing is the process used to remove small fibers and naps from cotton fiber (lap) sheets. A roller with fixed fine-toothed material is used in the half-lap. The amount and length of short fibers extracted will depend on the selected combing parameters. The fibers will be straightened and parallelized during this process.
Roving:
In this process, slivers are reduced to about one-eighth of their original diameter by three pairs of rollers, rotating at different speeds. The necessary level of twist is also provided to stabilize the rovings under the stretching caused by winding and unwinding.
Ring Spinning:
The process of rotating the yarn is called spinning process. This is usually done in a roller drafting system that has some means of fiber control, such as a double apron. Twist is given to the fiber strands to prevent slipping through the ring and traveler. The yarn is wound on suitable bobbins for further processing known as ring cops.
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| Fig 1 : Process flow chart of conventional ring-spinning process |
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